| Peer-Reviewed

The Free Kick Kinematics of Elite Football Players

Received: 7 July 2019     Accepted: 3 August 2019     Published: 16 August 2019
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

We have considered the kinematics parameters for the free instep kick of the elite footballer (Cristiano Ronaldo), in the pace of the swing leg movement and the supporting leg with linear velocity measurement, angular displacement and angular velocity of the joints (ankle, knee, hip). We used the cinematographically method through Kinovea-0.8.26-win32. exe and Photo Suite 4 Platinum Editor from MGI Software of filming of a free instep kick (10. LaLiga, vs. Villarreal, 21/02/2010), and where as the caliber size we have taken the diameter of the ball, creating its kinograms in stages of movement. We have especially analyzed the Approach phase which Cristiano Ronaldo traverses at a distance of 4.0 m, which is passed in 3 steps (1.14 m; 1.72 m; 2.75 m). Angle of approach is 40 degrees, the free-kick distance is 30 m. During the contact of foot/ball, knee angle of the swing leg is 132 degrees (support leg 153 deg), while the ball is hit by a linear velocity of ankle joint 17.5 m/s, giving the ball a speed of 13.7 m/s. Result of this research is the way of execution the second step of approach phase which Cristiano Ronaldo is performing with the placement of the right foot in the ground only with the tip of the fingers and not with the whole foot, passing quickly backs winging phase, and phase of hip flexion and knee extension during downward motion.

Published in International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20190402.11
Page(s) 18-27
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Instep Free Kick, Kinematics Parameters, Linear Velocity, Angular Displacement, Angular Velocity, Ankle Joint, Knee Joint, Hip Joint

References
[1] Asai T., Kobayashi K., Oshima Y., 1980. Biomechanical analysis of instep kick in soccer. Proceedings of Japanese Physical Education, 139. [Google Scholar]
[2] Asami T., Nolte V., 1983. Analysis of powerful ball kicking. Biomechanics VIII- B.: Matsui H., Kobayashi K., editors. Champaign, Il: Human Kinetics, 695-700. [Google Scholar]
[3] Barfield, W. R., 1993. Effects of selected biomechanical variables on a coordinated human movement: instep kicking with dominant and nondominant feet. Doctoral dissertation, Auburn University, Auburn, AL. [Google Scholar]
[4] Barfield, W. R., 1995. Effects of selected kinematic and kinetic variables on instep kicking with dominant and nondominant limbs. Journal of Human Movement Studies 29, 251-272. [Google Scholar]
[5] Barfield W. R., 1997. Biomechanics of kicking. Textbook of Sports Medicine.: Garrett W. E., Kirkendall D. T., editors. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 86-94. [Google Scholar]
[6] Butterfield, S. A., Loovis E. M., 1994. Influence of age, sex, balance, and sport participation on developemnt of kicking by children in grades K-8. Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, 691-697. [PubMed]
[7] Elliott, B. C., Bloomfield J., Davies, C. M., 1980. Development of the punt kick: a cinematographical analysis. Journal of Human Movement Studies 6, 142-150. [Google Scholar]
[8] Kaufmann, D. A., Stanton, D. E., Updyke, W. F., 1975. Kinematical analysis of conventional-style and soccer style place kicking in football. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 7, 77-78 (abstract). [Google Scholar]
[9] Luhtanen, P., 1988. Kinematics and kinetics of maximal instep kicking in junior soccer players. Science and Football.: Reilly T., Lees A., Davids K., Murphy W. J., editors. New York: E & F. N. Spon, 441-448. [Google Scholar]
[10] Narici, M. V., Sirtori, M. D., Mognoni, P., 1988. Maximal ball velocity and peak torques of hip flexor and knee extensor muscles. Science and Football.: Reilly T., Lees A., Davids K., Murphy W. J., editors. New York: E & F. N. Spon, 429-433. [Google Scholar]
[11] Olson, J. R., Hunter, G. R., 1985. Anatomic and biomechanical analyses of the soccer style free kick. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal 7, 50-53. [Google Scholar]
[12] Plagenhoff S. (1971). Patterns of human motion: a cinematographic analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N. J. [Google]
[13] Abo-Abdo, H. E., 1981. Kinematic and kinetic analysis of the soccer instepkick. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. [Google Scholar]
[14] Ben-Sira, D., 1980. A comparison of the mechanical characteristics of the instep kick between skilled soccer players and novices. Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN. [Google Scholar]
[15] Chyzowych, W., 1979. The Official Soccer Book of the United States Soccer Federation. Rand McNally, New York. [Google Scholar]
[16] Dos Anjos, L. A., Adrian, M. J. 1986. Ground reaction forces during soccer kicks performed by skilled and unskilled subjects. Revista Brasileira de Cienias do Esporto (abstract). Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Google Scholar]
[17] Gainor, B. J., Piotrowski, G., Puhl, J. J., Allen, W. C., 1978. The kick: biomechanics and collision injury. American Journal of Sports Medicine 6, 185-193. [Google Scholar]
[18] Hay, J. G., 1996. The biomechanics of sports techniques-fourth edition. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. [Google Scholar]
[19] Nishijima, T., Tasaki, E., Noda, Y., Tanaka, K., 1996. Development of principal motor movements controlling ball kicking performance. ACSM National Meeting Proceedings (abstract). [Google Scholar]
[20] Phillips, S. J., 1985. Invariance of elite kicking performance. Biomechanics IX-B.: Winter D. A., Norman R. W., Wells R. P., Hayes K. C., Patla A. E., editors. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, 539-542. [Google Scholar]
[21] Rodano R., Tavana R. (1993). Three-dimensional analysis of instep kick in professional soccer players. Science and Football II.: Reilly T., Clarys J., Stibbe A., editors. New York: E. & F. N. Spon, 357-361. [Google Scholar]
[22] Tsaousidis N., Zatsiorsky V. (1996). Two types of ball-effector interaction and their relative contribution to soccer kicking. Human Movement Science 15, 861-876. [Google]
[23] Dunn, E. G., Putnam, C. A., 1988. The influence of lower leg motion on thigh deceleration in kicking. Biomechanics XI-B.: deGroot G., Hollander P., Huijing P. A., van Ingen Schenau, G. J., editors. Amsterdam: Free University Press, 787- 790. [Google Scholar]
[24] Huang, T. C., Roberts, E. M., Youm, Y., 1982. Biomechanics of kicking. Human Body Dynamics: Impact, Occupational, and Athletic Aspects.: Ghista, D. J., editor. New York: Clarendon Press & Oxford University Press; 409-443. [Google Scholar]
[25] Lindbeck, L., 1983. Impulse and moment of impulse in the leg joints by impact from kicking. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 105, 108-111. [PubMed]
[26] Roberts E. M., Metcalfe A. (1968). Mechanical analysis of kicking. Biomechanics I: Wartenweiler J., Jokl E., Hebbelinck M., editors. Baltimore: University Park Press; 315-319. [Google Scholar]
[27] Robertson D. G. E., Mosher R. E. (1985). Work and power of the leg muscles in soccer kicking. Biomechanics IX-B.: Winter D. A., Norman R. W., Wells R. P., Hayes K. C., Patla A. E., editors. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, 533-53. [Google Scholar]
[28] Kellis, E., & Katis, A., 2007. Biomechanical characteristics and determinants of instep soccer kick. Journal of sports science & medicine, 6, 154-165. [PMC]
[29] Barfield, B., 1998. The biomechanics of kicking in soccer. Clinics in Sports Medicine. 17 (4): 711-728. [PubMed]
[30] Barfield, W. R., Kirkendall, D. T., & Yu, B., 2002. Kinematic instep kicking differences between elite female and male soccer players. Journal of sports science & medicine, 1 (3), 72. [PMC free article]
[31] Meamarbashi, A., & Hossaini, S., 2010. Application of Novel Inertial Technique to Compare the Kinematics and Kinetics of the Legs in the Soccer Instep Kick. Journal of Human Kinetics, 23, 5-13. [Google Scholar]
[32] Dörge, H. C., Bull-Andersen, T. B., Sørensen, H., and Simonsen, E. B., 2002. Biomechanical differences in soccer kicking with the preferred and the non-preferred leg. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20, 293–299. [Google Scholar]
[33] Isokawa, M. and A. Lees., 1988. A Biomechanical Analysis of the Instep Kick Motion in Soccer. In: Science and Football, Reilly, T., A. Lees, K. Davids and W. J. Murphy (Eds.). E and FN Spon, London, pp: 449-455. [Google Scholar]
[34] Kellis, E., A. Katis, and I. Gissis., 2004. Knee biomechanics of the support leg in soccer kicks from three angles of approach. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 36: 1017-1028. [PubMed]
[35] Lees, A., Asai, T., Andersen, T. B., Nunome, H., & Sterzing, T., 2010. The biomechanics of kicking in soccer: A review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28 (8), 805-817. [PubMed]
[36] Garrett, W. E., & Kirkendall, D. T. (Eds.)., 2000. Exercise and sport science. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [Google Scholar]
[37] A. R. Ismail, M. R. A. Mansor, M. F. M. Ali, S. Jaafar and M. S. N. M. Johar., 2010. Biomechanics Analysis for Right Leg Instep Kick. Journal of Applied Sciences. Volume 10 (13): 1286-1292. [Google Scholar]
[38] Reilly, T., & Williams, A. M. (Eds.). (2003). Science and soccer. Routledge. [Google Scholar]
[39] Hay, J., 1996. Biomechanics of Sport Techniques. Prentice Hall: New Jersey. [Google]
[40] Brown, D. E., & Neumann, R. D., 2004. Orthopedic secrets. Elsevier Health Sciences. [Google Scholar]
[41] Powers, S, and Howley, E. (1997). Exercise Physiology. Theory and Applications in Fitness and Performance. WCB. McGraw-Hill: Boston. [Google Scholar]
[42] Lees, A., & Nolan, L., 1998. The biomechanics of soccer. Jurnal of sports science, 16 (3): 211-34. [PubMed]
[43] McLean, B. D., & Tumilty, D. M., 1993. Left-right asymmetry in two types of soccer kick. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 27 (4), 260-262. [PubMed]
[44] Lees, A., Nolan, L., 2002. Three-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis of the Instep Kick Under Speed and Accuracy Conditions: Science and Football IV.: Spinks W., Reilly T., Murphy A., editors. London, Routledge; 16-21. [Google Scholar]
[45] Kinovea – Kinovea. Setup. 0. 8. 15. exe, and Kinovea-0. 8. 26 win32. exe, (https://www.kinovea.org/).
[46] Photo Suite 4 Platinum Editor from MGI Softwer http://www.sonic.net/mnitepub/pccafe/reviews/photosuite4/photosuite4.html.
[47] Soccer ball size | Official football size chart, circumference& weight. https://www.football-bible.com/soccer-info/soccer-ball-sizes.html.
[48] You Tube - Cristiano Ronaldo TOP 30 Free Kick Goals Ever HD.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Dujaka Aziz, Sokoli Bylbyl. (2019). The Free Kick Kinematics of Elite Football Players. International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education, 4(2), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20190402.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Dujaka Aziz; Sokoli Bylbyl. The Free Kick Kinematics of Elite Football Players. Int. J. Sports Sci. Phys. Educ. 2019, 4(2), 18-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20190402.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Dujaka Aziz, Sokoli Bylbyl. The Free Kick Kinematics of Elite Football Players. Int J Sports Sci Phys Educ. 2019;4(2):18-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20190402.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijsspe.20190402.11,
      author = {Dujaka Aziz and Sokoli Bylbyl},
      title = {The Free Kick Kinematics of Elite Football Players},
      journal = {International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education},
      volume = {4},
      number = {2},
      pages = {18-27},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijsspe.20190402.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20190402.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsspe.20190402.11},
      abstract = {We have considered the kinematics parameters for the free instep kick of the elite footballer (Cristiano Ronaldo), in the pace of the swing leg movement and the supporting leg with linear velocity measurement, angular displacement and angular velocity of the joints (ankle, knee, hip). We used the cinematographically method through Kinovea-0.8.26-win32. exe and Photo Suite 4 Platinum Editor from MGI Software of filming of a free instep kick (10. LaLiga, vs. Villarreal, 21/02/2010), and where as the caliber size we have taken the diameter of the ball, creating its kinograms in stages of movement. We have especially analyzed the Approach phase which Cristiano Ronaldo traverses at a distance of 4.0 m, which is passed in 3 steps (1.14 m; 1.72 m; 2.75 m). Angle of approach is 40 degrees, the free-kick distance is 30 m. During the contact of foot/ball, knee angle of the swing leg is 132 degrees (support leg 153 deg), while the ball is hit by a linear velocity of ankle joint 17.5 m/s, giving the ball a speed of 13.7 m/s. Result of this research is the way of execution the second step of approach phase which Cristiano Ronaldo is performing with the placement of the right foot in the ground only with the tip of the fingers and not with the whole foot, passing quickly backs winging phase, and phase of hip flexion and knee extension during downward motion.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Free Kick Kinematics of Elite Football Players
    AU  - Dujaka Aziz
    AU  - Sokoli Bylbyl
    Y1  - 2019/08/16
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20190402.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsspe.20190402.11
    T2  - International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education
    JF  - International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education
    JO  - International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education
    SP  - 18
    EP  - 27
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1611
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20190402.11
    AB  - We have considered the kinematics parameters for the free instep kick of the elite footballer (Cristiano Ronaldo), in the pace of the swing leg movement and the supporting leg with linear velocity measurement, angular displacement and angular velocity of the joints (ankle, knee, hip). We used the cinematographically method through Kinovea-0.8.26-win32. exe and Photo Suite 4 Platinum Editor from MGI Software of filming of a free instep kick (10. LaLiga, vs. Villarreal, 21/02/2010), and where as the caliber size we have taken the diameter of the ball, creating its kinograms in stages of movement. We have especially analyzed the Approach phase which Cristiano Ronaldo traverses at a distance of 4.0 m, which is passed in 3 steps (1.14 m; 1.72 m; 2.75 m). Angle of approach is 40 degrees, the free-kick distance is 30 m. During the contact of foot/ball, knee angle of the swing leg is 132 degrees (support leg 153 deg), while the ball is hit by a linear velocity of ankle joint 17.5 m/s, giving the ball a speed of 13.7 m/s. Result of this research is the way of execution the second step of approach phase which Cristiano Ronaldo is performing with the placement of the right foot in the ground only with the tip of the fingers and not with the whole foot, passing quickly backs winging phase, and phase of hip flexion and knee extension during downward motion.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University Hasan Prishtina, Pristina, Kosovo

  • Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University Hasan Prishtina, Pristina, Kosovo

  • Sections